by Michael J. Howell29. October 2013 21:12Recent UK Media comment has picked up the buoyant Liquidity story. No question that Liquidity is strong and little doubt that strong liquidity acts through rising asset prices. However, our database covers all cah and credit flows to the private sector across 80 economies and not just deposit flows to banks. To be accurate our data shows there is a World of difference between Developed Market Liquidity which is close to previous highs (although not yet at new highs) and Emerging Market Liquidity which is near its lows. For completeness, we can add that Frontier Market is closer in strength to Developed Markets. Emerging Markets are the odd man out. The reason in our view remains the slowing Chinese economy which has clipped EM private sector cash flow. We should be worrying about recent Chinese PBoC tapering, and not only upcoming Fed tapering.
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Tags: Liquidity
by Michael J. Howell14. October 2013 22:00Global Liquidity is a measure of World capital flows and a barometer of upcoming risk. It remains elevated and still generally supportive of asset markets, but the high 60.0 index (0-100 'normal') reading of our GLI (Global Liquidity Index) at end-September 2013 hides two important facts. First, the developed markets (70.8) enjoy much stronger liquidity conditions than Emerging Markets (16.0). Second, private sector liquidity (78.1) remains well in excess of Central Bank liquidity (37.4). These observations are important because they are not only almost opposite to the consensus view, but they seem to be driving markets. Most investors believe that Emerging Markets enjoy structurally strong private sector or 'good' money flows while Developed economies are largely being supported by cyclical Central Bank QE or 'bad' money flows: the reality is that the opposite is true. ['Bad' here refers to the negative effect on currencies]. This 'Quality Theory of Money' lies at the heart of our regular capital flow analysis and it explains why the gold price and EM currencies are simultaneous fragile.
by Michael J. Howell26. September 2013 14:07Frontier stock markets have outperformed strongly in 2013 compared to traditional EM. The reason is unequivocally because of better liquidity conditions. In a report published today, we examine the detail behind this. We conclude that Frontier Market liquidity is more closely correlated to buoyant US liquidity, whereas EM liquidity is more closely correlated with lacklustre Chinese liquidity. Thus, if US liquidity remains strong and Chinese liquidity fails to pick-up, Frontier markets will further outpace EM over coming months.
by Michael J. Howell19. September 2013 17:02The Fed surprised markets by deciding not to start 'tapering' its QE programme at its September meeting. What does this mean? Markets read it bullishly, that the Fed will continue to buy bonds and pump in cash, probably because they sense policy-makers are concerned by recent weak-ish economic numbers. However, whatever the FOMC's internal doubts and debates, the Fed has been striving all year to divide 'forward guidance' on interest rates from 'tapering' of QE, arguing both publically and privately that the former is more important overall and anyway set more in line with economic prospects. Meanwhile, QE is thought to be more important for the finance sector, and some Fed policy-makers have been concerned over recent months by bubbles and a 'reach for yield'. This argues for tapering now. Therefore, the Fed's latest decision is puzzling because if they are concerned about economic growth they could have hinted at lower future 'forward guidance', while still making a token gesture towards some tapering. Something else may be up? This could be EM. July/ August saw a rout in several EM currencies and EM equity and bond markets because of the upcoming threat of tapering. The fragile state of EM may have convinced US policy-makers to hold fire on tapering for another couple of months. So, overall no real change in view. On balance a bit more bullish if the Fed is truly an implicit protector of EM, and on this read the Fed may not be as concerned about the US economy as some fear. Therefore, keep selling those bonds; buy back some dollars and bottom fish in EM. The Bernanke Put may have just shifted Eastwards!
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Tags: Fed, Liquidity, EM
by Michael J. Howell19. September 2013 16:54
This month we move to new 2010-weights for our GLI (Global Liquidity Indexes). EM get a larger share and Frontier Markets squeeze in with a 1.4% weighting. Latest end-August 2013 data show our monthly GLI hit a reading of 59.2 ('normal' range 0-100). [Using the old weights, the GLI would be 70.8.] The overall index is one standard deviation above its rolling four-year average. The leaders in this cycle are unquestionably the US, Japan, Australia, Frontier Markets and the UK , while the Eurozone and EM are lagging. This looks to be a remarkably 'normal' cycle.
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Tags: GLI, Liquidity
by Michael J. Howell15. August 2013 09:34'the money here is awful ...and such small flows...' is a Groucho Marx-like reflection on the growing debate over Fed tapering. Fact #1 is that QE3 is no QE1 and never was. The $85 billion monthly Fed injections could easily be trimmed to $75 bn at the September FOMC, but these flows are anyway being swamped by buoyant private sector liquidity inflows. These private flows, not the Fed, explain the firm US dollar; the rebounding US economy and rising bond yields. In short, policy-makers have been fooling the markets this year with their power. Fact #2 most of the Fed cash is effectively going to support the still fragile wholesale money markets. Given the vast increase in OTC bond issuance/ trading since 2008, these wholesale markets are probably still vital in providing funding for market makers. Fact #3 the Fed is internally worried by growing speculative activity and needs to show its hand. We know that the key decision makers anyway prefer 'forward guidance' to 'QE', so the latter is an easy sacrifice. Bottom line? Expect a September move to reduce QE. This will not derail the economic recovery, but it is likely to help the US dollar climb higher, and most importantly it will be yet another factor leading to greater market volatility over the next 12 months. Tapering matters, but not that much.
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Tags: QE3, Fed, Liquidity
by Michael J. Howell14. August 2013 22:28The outlook for our least favourite asset class in 2013 - TIPS - still looks poor. China's structural slowdown, in large part the result of tight PBoC liquidity hitting capex spending, will allow capital productivity in other economies, notably Japan and the US, to pick-up. This will push up World real interest rates from the circa 0% level nearer to their 2-3% long-term average. High inflation is not the threat; higher real interest rates are. This will push nominal bonds towards a 4-5% yield base. Equities still look the best asset class, but markets are ultimately moving towards a 1987-like ending. See report: How China Sets World Interest Rates (part II).
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Tags: China, PBoC
by Michael J. Howell14. August 2013 09:40The latest (end-July) Global Liquidity Index (GLI) hit 73.8% against a 'normal' 0-100 range. This is equivalent to US$145 billion pouring into World financial markets. The distribution of liquidity remains very uneven. The leading markets were again the US, Britain and Japan, with liquidity in the Eurozone and Emerging Markets weak. The data show strongly divergent trends in private sector liquidity, and warn of heightened forex market volatility.
by Michael J. Howell18. July 2013 23:59Latest end-June 2013 data show our monthly Global Liquidity Index (GLI) hit a reading of 75.4 ('normal' range 0-100). Stripping out the two weak liquidity regions, namely EM and Eurozone, the overall index would exceed 85, or more than two standard deviations above its rolling four-year average.
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Tags: liquidity, GLI
by Michael J. Howell8. July 2013 22:24Believe or not, the big events of 2013 do not nclude either the influx or proposed ending of Fed QE3? We figure that three others are more critical. Together they explain the high current level and uneven distribution of global liquidity. See our research for more information: (1) the jump in US private sector cash flow generation, which is dollar and economy bullish; (2) huge Japan QE, which smashed the Yen, hurt EM economies, but will cause a Japanese economic turnaround, and (3) the decision by the PBoC in China to remain tight, which will cap Chinese growth and limit further large-scale capex.
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Tags: liquidity